This work was supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (grant No. 2022A1515111001 (M.L.)), the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (grant No. 2024A04J0002 (M.L.)) and the National Research Foundation of Singapore (MOE Tier 2 grant WBS A-8000942-00-00 (A.W.)). The computation part of the work was supported by the National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou.

Authors and Affiliations

1. School of Physics, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

   Meizhuang Liu & Xiaozhi Xu

2. Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore, Singapore

   Meizhuang Liu, Jian Gou, Goki Eda & Andrew T. S. Wee

3. School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

   Jian Gou

4. School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

   Zizhao Liu & Dingyong Zhong

5. School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China

   Zuxin Chen, Yuliang Ye & Jing Xu

Contributions

M.L. and A.T.S.W. proposed and conceived this project. M.L. and J.G. performed the STM and nc-AFM experiments. M.L., Z.L., and J.X. conducted the MBE growth. M.L. and Y.Y. provided theoretical support for the experiments. M.L., Z.C., X.X, D.Z., G.E., and A.T.S.W. did the data analysis and discussed the results. M.L., D.Z., and A.T.S.W. wrote the paper with the comments from all co-authors.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Meizhuang Liu or Andrew T. S. Wee.